| S.NO |
Name |
Year |
country |
Discovery |
Short description |
| 1. |
A V Leeuwenhoek |
1632-1723 |
Dutch |
Discovery single lens high power microscope.Oberved bacteria,RBCs,etc |
He is the first person to develop a single lens microscope by use of this he studied a various unicellur (or) micro-organism such as Bacteria,RBCs.so,he was called as "father of Microbiology/protology. |
| 2. |
Robert Hooke |
1665 |
England |
Invented compound microscope,discovered cells |
He invented a compound microscope that contains double len by use of this he observed cells and he was called as "father of cytology". |
| 3. |
Fontana |
1781 |
Italy |
discovered nucleolus |
The nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. |
| 4. |
Pelletier and Caventou |
1817 |
France |
Named Chlorophyll |
Chlorophyll is the green pigment in the leaves |
| 5. |
Robert brown |
1773-1858 |
Scotland-Britain |
Identified brownian movement and observed nuclei in flowering plant cell |
he is the first person to describe Brownian movement between the colloidal particle in tyndal effect by use of this movement he observed nuclei in Tradescantia's plant cell in the year 1835. |
| 6. |
HJ Dutrochet |
1824 |
France |
All plant and animals are composed of cells |
He is first person to said all the living organism is composed of cells |
| 7. |
Schleidan and Schwann |
1839-1938 |
Germany |
Propposed cell theory |
Cell theory is states that Organism are made up of cells |
| 8. |
JE Purkinje |
1837 |
Czech |
Used the term'protoplasm' |
The colourless material comparising the living part of a cells. |
| 9. |
Ethrenberg |
1828 |
Germany |
coined the term'bacterium' |
Bacterium is one of the member of unicellular group. |
| 10. |
Robert Remak
| 1841 |
Germany |
Described the amitotic cell division |
For the first time described the amitotic cell division,this wonna be a type of cell division |
| 11. |
Claude |
1843 |
|
he recogized the ribosomes as basophilic granules rich in nucleic acids |
Ribosomes are the part of cells |
| 12. |
Hugo Von Mohl |
1846 |
Germany |
explain the significance of protoplasm |
The colourless material comparising the living part of a cells. |
| 13. |
R Virchow |
1858 |
Germany |
Stated that all cells arise from Pre-existing cells,Omis cellula cellula |
This state is said to be cell division |
| 14. |
Milne Edward |
1800-1885 |
Britain |
Explained the division of labour in cells of the body |
Division of labour in cells is a term that describes the specialised function of cell organelles |
| 15. |
GJ Mendal |
1866 |
Czech |
Proposed law of inheritance |
Inheritance is the genetics factor.He is proposed this law for genetics.so,he called as"Father of Genetics". |
| 16. |
Huxley |
1868 |
British |
proposed the protoplasm is the physical basis of life |
The colourless material comparising the living part of a cells. |
| 17. |
H Fol |
1873 |
swiss |
Discovered astral rays and nuclear spindle fibre |
Astral rays are one variable microtubule which comes out of the centromere.Spindle fibres form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell |
| 18. |
W Flemming |
1879 |
Spanish-German |
coined the term chromatin and described the spliting of chromosomes described mitosis |
In 1882 he described the mitosis cell division,a type of cell division in that he Explained the chromatin and splitting of chromosomes. |
| 19. |
Reinke and Rokewald |
1881 |
Germany |
chemically analysed protoplasm |
He analysed the chemical complexation of protoplasm |
| 20. |
Christian Gram |
1884 |
Danish |
He inroduce Gram staining method |
Gram staining is a common technique used to differentiate two large groups of bacteria based on their different cell wall constituents |
| 21. |
Edovard Van Beneden |
1887 |
Beigen |
discovered centromere |
The Centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of chromosomes that link a pair of sister chromatid |
| 22. |
Waldeyer |
1887 |
Germany |
used the term chromosome |
chromosomes are thread-like structure loccated inside the nucleus of animal and plant cell |
| 23. |
T Boveri |
1888 |
Germany |
Describe the term centromere |
The Centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of chromosomes that link a pair of sister chromatid. |
| 24. |
E V Behring and K Shibasaburo |
1890 |
Germany-Japan |
Diphtheria Antitoxin |
Diphtheria Antitoxin is a antibody used to treat a disease diphtheria. |
| 25. |
Rucket |
1892 |
Germany |
discovered lampbrush chromosome |
Lampbrush chromosome is a special type of chromosome |
| 26. |
his |
1893 |
swiss |
Describe the bundle of atrio-ventricular node |
The atrio-ventricular node is a part of the electrical conduction system of the heart |
| 27. |
Patrick Manson |
1894 |
Scotland |
filaria is caused by culex |
Filariasis is a Parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworm of the Filarioidea type |
| 28. |
Altmann |
1894 |
|
bioplast for mitochondria |
|
| 29. |
Eijikman |
1896 |
Dutch |
Discovered beri-beri |
He is the first person to discover the disease beri-beri is caused by deficiency of vitamin B-1. |
| 30. |
Ronald Ross |
1897 |
British |
Discovered oocytes |
he is the first person to discover the oocytes of plasmodium in stomach wall of female anopheles mosquito. |
| 31. |
Buchner |
1897 |
|
discovered enzymes |
|
| 32. |
C Benda |
1897 |
Germany |
Named mitochondria |
mitochondria is the power house of the cells |
| 33. |
Nawaschin |
1898 |
Russian |
Discovered double fertilisation and triple fusion in angiosperm |
In angiosperm, double fertilisation refers to the fusion of one sperm cell with an egg and another sperm cell with the polar nuclei to yield a triploid endosperm. |
| 34. |
Camilo Golgi |
1898 |
Italian-Austrian |
Described and Golgi complex |
Golgi is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. |
| 35. |
Correns,Hugo de varies and Tschermak |
1900 |
Germany-Dutch-Austrian |
Rediscovered the Mendal's law of inheritance |
He Rediscovered the law of inheritance in new way |
| 36. |
Karl Landsteiner |
1900 |
Dutch |
Discovered A,B and O blood group and Rh |
he differentiated blood into different groups by its present and absent of antigen in blood |
| 37. |
Emol Von Behring |
1901 |
Germany |
created antitoxin for tetanus |
Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death.he is the first person to develop a antibody against it. |
| 38. |
Alfred Von Decastello and sturli |
1902 |
Germany |
discovered AB blood group |
Next to Landsteiner he research about a diversity antigen present in the blood and finally find a new AB rare blood grooup |
| 39. |
McClung |
1902 |
American |
Discovered a sex chromosome |
a chromosome that involed in the dertermination sex of an organism. |
| 40. |
Sutton and Boveri |
1902 |
Germany |
Explained the importance of meiotic cell division,propounded chromosome theory of inheritance |
Meiosis is importance because it ensures that all organism produced via sexual reproduction contain the correct number of chromosomes.Meiosis also produces genetic variation by way of the process of recombination. |
| 41. |
Ivan Pavlov |
1904 |
Russian |
showed condition reflex affect behaviour |
|
| 42. |
Blackeslee |
1904 |
America |
Discovered heterothallism in mucor |
In mucor hiemalis,too Zygospores were formed rarely .On the basis of his studies ,he divided the various species of mucorales into two groups: heterothallic and Homothalic. |
| 43. |
Farmer and Moore |
1905 |
British |
called reduction division as meiosis |
|
| 44. |
Wilson and stevens |
1905 |
America |
discover the difference in male and female chromosomes |
Female have XX chromosomes and male have XY chromosomes |
| 45. |
Bateson and Punnet |
1906 |
British |
Applied Mendel's law on animals and named the science of heredity as genetics |
|
| 46. |
Bar Mursay |
1908 |
canadian |
Discovered Barr body in man |
The Barr body,also sometimes called as sex chromatin,is the inactive X chromosome in female somatic cells. |
| 47. |
Johannsen |
1909 |
|
coined the term gene,genotype and phenotype |
Genotype is an organism full genetic information.Phenotype is an organism's actual observed properities |
| 48. |
TH Morgan |
1910 |
|
Discovered Sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila and laid foundtion of genetic theory |
The inheritence of character linked to a particular sex is called sex-linked inheritance |
| 49. |
Funk |
1912 |
|
coined the term vitamin |
Vitamins are organic compound that are needed in small quantity to sustain life.Lack of Vitamin causes various kind of Health issues. |
| 50. |
EC Kendall |
1914 |
|
Isolated thyroxine |
Thyroxine is an hormone produced by a thyroid gland. |
| 51. |
Robert Feulgen |
1914 |
Germany |
Described a stain for DNA |
He finded the stain for DNA and showed that chromosome contain DNA |
| 52. |
Twort and d'Herelle |
1915 |
French-Canadian |
Discovered Bacteriophages Virus |
A Bacteriophages are phages ,Virus that infects and replicates with in bacteria and archaea. |
| 53. |
RM Willstatter |
1915 |
Germany |
Describe the structure of Chlorophyll |
Chlorophyll is the green pigment of the plants. |
| 54. |
Grassi |
1917 |
|
Discovered Vivax sp. of plasmodium and studied life cycle in Anopheles mosquito |
Vivax is a plassmodium that causes malaria fever |
| 55. |
McCollum |
1917 |
|
Discovered the sexual form of plasmodium and vitamin-A |
plasmodium species are hermaphrodite.An sexual parasite can develop after several ronds of multiplication into either a male or a female gametocyte |
| 56. |
Garner and Allad |
1920 |
|
coined the term photoperiodism |
Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organism to the length of night or a dark period. |
| 57. |
Banting and Best |
1922 |
|
Isolated insulin |
Insulin is an hormone produced by Pancreas gland .It should maintain blood glucose and sugar level fairly constant. |
| 58. |
Houscay |
1923 |
|
Discovered the treatment of diabetics by hypophysectomy |
Hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the hypophysis. |
| 59. |
Went |
1926 |
|
Carried out Avena curvature test |
The Avena curvature test is a bioassay for auxin that measures the angle of curvature of a decapitated coleoptile after placing an agar block containing auxin on one side. |
| 60. |
F Griffith |
1928 |
|
Discovered transformation in bacteria |
Transformation is one of three processes by which exogenous genetic material may be introduced into a bacteria. |
| 61. |
Kostoff |
1930 |
|
Discovered endomitosis |
Endomitosis the replication of chromosome in the absence of cell or nuclear ddivision ,resulting in numerous copies within each cell. |
| 62. |
Karl Lohmann |
1931 |
|
Discovered ATP |
adenosine triphosphate is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells. |
| 63. |
Van Neil |
1931 |
|
Suggested the importance of light in photolysis during photosynthesis |
The decomposition or separation of molecules by the action of light |
| 64. |
W Lewis |
1931 |
|
Described pinocytes |
The ingestion of liquid in to a cells by the budding of small vsicles from the cell membrane. |
| 65. |
H Dam and E A Doisy |
1934 |
|
Discovvered Vitamin-K |
Vitamin-K is a type of vitamin.This is important to our vision |
| 66. |
H A Krebs |
1937 |
|
Proposed Kreb's cycle |
Kreb's cycle is otherwise called as Citric acid cycle |
| 67. |
Yabuta and Sumiki |
1938 |
|
Isolated Gibberellin in crystalline form from Gibberella fujikuroi |
|
| 68. |
Ruben and Kamen |
1941 |
|
Proved that the O2 released in photosynthesis comes from water |
He is the first man to the process of photosynthesis and clearly defined the plant release oxygen |
| 69. |
Fritz Lipmann |
1941 |
|
Discovered co-enzyme A |
Co-enzyme A is a notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle |
| 70. |
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
|
1941 |
|
one-gene-one enzymes hypothesis |
The one-gene - one enzymes hypothesis is the idea that genes act through real the production of biology enzymes, with each gene responsible for producing a single enzyme that in turn affects a single in a metabolic pathway |
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