List of biologist and his contribution,contributed year and countries who are they belong to

List of biologist

The biology is the alone branch of science that deals with living world. Biology is the combination of both botany and zoology. Botany is the study of about plants and immotile living world.and zoology is the study of about animal and motile world.Here we have to look list of biologist and his contribution and year of contributed.

S.NO	Name	Year	country	Discovery	Short description
1.	A V Leeuwenhoek	1632-1723	Dutch	Discovery single lens high power microscope.Oberved bacteria,RBCs,etc	He is the first person to develop a single lens microscope by use of this he studied a various unicellur (or) micro-organism such as Bacteria,RBCs.so,he was called as "father of Microbiology/protology.
2.	Robert Hooke	1665	England	Invented compound microscope,discovered cells	He invented a compound microscope that contains double len by use of this he observed cells and he was called as "father of cytology".
3.	Fontana	1781	Italy	discovered nucleolus	The nucleolus is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
4.	Pelletier and Caventou	1817	France	Named Chlorophyll	Chlorophyll is the green pigment in the leaves
5.	Robert brown	1773-1858	Scotland-Britain	Identified brownian movement and observed nuclei in flowering plant cell	he is the first person to describe Brownian movement between the colloidal particle in tyndal effect by use of this movement he observed nuclei in Tradescantia's plant cell in the year 1835.
6.	HJ Dutrochet	1824	France	All plant and animals are composed of cells	He is first person to said all the living organism is composed of cells
7.	Schleidan and Schwann	1839-1938	Germany	Propposed cell theory	Cell theory is states that Organism are made up of cells
8.	JE Purkinje	1837	Czech	Used the term'protoplasm'	The colourless material comparising the living part of a cells.
9.	Ethrenberg	1828	Germany	coined the term'bacterium'	Bacterium is one of the member of unicellular group.
10.	Robert Remak	1841	Germany	Described the amitotic cell division	For the first time described the amitotic cell division,this wonna be a type of cell division
11.	Claude	1843		he recogized the ribosomes as basophilic granules rich in nucleic acids	Ribosomes are the part of cells
12.	Hugo Von Mohl	1846	Germany	explain the significance of protoplasm	The colourless material comparising the living part of a cells.
13.	R Virchow	1858	Germany	Stated that all cells arise from Pre-existing cells,Omis cellula cellula	This state is said to be cell division
14.	Milne Edward	1800-1885	Britain	Explained the division of labour in cells of the body	Division of labour in cells is a term that describes the specialised function of cell organelles
15.	GJ Mendal	1866	Czech	Proposed law of inheritance	Inheritance is the genetics factor.He is proposed this law for genetics.so,he called as"Father of Genetics".
16.	Huxley	1868	British	proposed the protoplasm is the physical basis of life	The colourless material comparising the living part of a cells.
17.	H Fol	1873	swiss	Discovered astral rays and nuclear spindle fibre	Astral rays are one variable microtubule which comes out of the centromere.Spindle fibres form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell
18.	W Flemming	1879	Spanish-German	coined the term chromatin and described the spliting of chromosomes described mitosis	In 1882 he described the mitosis cell division,a type of cell division in that he Explained the chromatin and splitting of chromosomes.
19.	Reinke and Rokewald	1881	Germany	chemically analysed protoplasm	He analysed the chemical complexation of protoplasm
20.	Christian Gram	1884	Danish	He inroduce Gram staining method	Gram staining is a common technique used to differentiate two large groups of bacteria based on their different cell wall constituents
21.	Edovard Van Beneden	1887	Beigen	discovered centromere	The Centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of chromosomes that link a pair of sister chromatid
22.	Waldeyer	1887	Germany	used the term chromosome	chromosomes are thread-like structure loccated inside the nucleus of animal and plant cell
23.	T Boveri	1888	Germany	Describe the term centromere	The Centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of chromosomes that link a pair of sister chromatid.
24.	E V Behring and K Shibasaburo	1890	Germany-Japan	Diphtheria Antitoxin	Diphtheria Antitoxin is a antibody used to treat a disease diphtheria.
25.	Rucket	1892	Germany	discovered lampbrush chromosome	Lampbrush chromosome is a special type of chromosome
26.	his	1893	swiss	Describe the bundle of atrio-ventricular node	The atrio-ventricular node is a part of the electrical conduction system of the heart
27.	Patrick Manson	1894	Scotland	filaria is caused by culex	Filariasis is a Parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworm of the Filarioidea type
28.	Altmann	1894		bioplast for mitochondria
29.	Eijikman	1896	Dutch	Discovered beri-beri	He is the first person to discover the disease beri-beri is caused by deficiency of vitamin B-1.
30.	Ronald Ross	1897	British	Discovered oocytes	he is the first person to discover the oocytes of plasmodium in stomach wall of female anopheles mosquito.
31.	Buchner	1897		discovered enzymes
32.	C Benda	1897	Germany	Named mitochondria	mitochondria is the power house of the cells
33.	Nawaschin	1898	Russian	Discovered double fertilisation and triple fusion in angiosperm	In angiosperm, double fertilisation refers to the fusion of one sperm cell with an egg and another sperm cell with the polar nuclei to yield a triploid endosperm.
34.	Camilo Golgi	1898	Italian-Austrian	Described and Golgi complex	Golgi is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.
35.	Correns,Hugo de varies and Tschermak	1900	Germany-Dutch-Austrian	Rediscovered the Mendal's law of inheritance	He Rediscovered the law of inheritance in new way
36.	Karl Landsteiner	1900	Dutch	Discovered A,B and O blood group and Rh	he differentiated blood into different groups by its present and absent of antigen in blood
37.	Emol Von Behring	1901	Germany	created antitoxin for tetanus	Tetanus is a serious bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasms and can lead to death.he is the first person to develop a antibody against it.
38.	Alfred Von Decastello and sturli	1902	Germany	discovered AB blood group	Next to Landsteiner he research about a diversity antigen present in the blood and finally find a new AB rare blood grooup
39.	McClung	1902	American	Discovered a sex chromosome	a chromosome that involed in the dertermination sex of an organism.
40.	Sutton and Boveri	1902	Germany	Explained the importance of meiotic cell division,propounded chromosome theory of inheritance	Meiosis is importance because it ensures that all organism produced via sexual reproduction contain the correct number of chromosomes.Meiosis also produces genetic variation by way of the process of recombination.
41.	Ivan Pavlov	1904	Russian	showed condition reflex affect behaviour
42.	Blackeslee	1904	America	Discovered heterothallism in mucor	In mucor hiemalis,too Zygospores were formed rarely .On the basis of his studies ,he divided the various species of mucorales into two groups: heterothallic and Homothalic.
43.	Farmer and Moore	1905	British	called reduction division as meiosis
44.	Wilson and stevens	1905	America	discover the difference in male and female chromosomes	Female have XX chromosomes and male have XY chromosomes
45.	Bateson and Punnet	1906	British	Applied Mendel's law on animals and named the science of heredity as genetics
46.	Bar Mursay	1908	canadian	Discovered Barr body in man	The Barr body,also sometimes called as sex chromatin,is the inactive X chromosome in female somatic cells.
47.	Johannsen	1909		coined the term gene,genotype and phenotype	Genotype is an organism full genetic information.Phenotype is an organism's actual observed properities
48.	TH Morgan	1910		Discovered Sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila and laid foundtion of genetic theory	The inheritence of character linked to a particular sex is called sex-linked inheritance
49.	Funk	1912		coined the term vitamin	Vitamins are organic compound that are needed in small quantity to sustain life.Lack of Vitamin causes various kind of Health issues.
50.	EC Kendall	1914		Isolated thyroxine	Thyroxine is an hormone produced by a thyroid gland.
51.	Robert Feulgen	1914	Germany	Described a stain for DNA	He finded the stain for DNA and showed that chromosome contain DNA
52.	Twort and d'Herelle	1915	French-Canadian	Discovered Bacteriophages Virus	A Bacteriophages are phages ,Virus that infects and replicates with in bacteria and archaea.
53.	RM Willstatter	1915	Germany	Describe the structure of Chlorophyll	Chlorophyll is the green pigment of the plants.
54.	Grassi	1917		Discovered Vivax sp. of plasmodium and studied life cycle in Anopheles mosquito	Vivax is a plassmodium that causes malaria fever
55.	McCollum	1917		Discovered the sexual form of plasmodium and vitamin-A	plasmodium species are hermaphrodite.An sexual parasite can develop after several ronds of multiplication into either a male or a female gametocyte
56.	Garner and Allad	1920		coined the term photoperiodism	Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organism to the length of night or a dark period.
57.	Banting and Best	1922		Isolated insulin	Insulin is an hormone produced by Pancreas gland .It should maintain blood glucose and sugar level fairly constant.
58.	Houscay	1923		Discovered the treatment of diabetics by hypophysectomy	Hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the hypophysis.
59.	Went	1926		Carried out Avena curvature test	The Avena curvature test is a bioassay for auxin that measures the angle of curvature of a decapitated coleoptile after placing an agar block containing auxin on one side.
60.	F Griffith	1928		Discovered transformation in bacteria	Transformation is one of three processes by which exogenous genetic material may be introduced into a bacteria.
61.	Kostoff	1930		Discovered endomitosis	Endomitosis the replication of chromosome in the absence of cell or nuclear ddivision ,resulting in numerous copies within each cell.
62.	Karl Lohmann	1931		Discovered ATP	adenosine triphosphate is a complex organic chemical that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells.
63.	Van Neil	1931		Suggested the importance of light in photolysis during photosynthesis	The decomposition or separation of molecules by the action of light
64.	W Lewis	1931		Described pinocytes	The ingestion of liquid in to a cells by the budding of small vsicles from the cell membrane.
65.	H Dam and E A Doisy	1934		Discovvered Vitamin-K	Vitamin-K is a type of vitamin.This is important to our vision
66.	H A Krebs	1937		Proposed Kreb's cycle	Kreb's cycle is otherwise called as Citric acid cycle
67.	Yabuta and Sumiki	1938		Isolated Gibberellin in crystalline form from Gibberella fujikuroi
68.	Ruben and Kamen	1941		Proved that the O2 released in photosynthesis comes from water	He is the first man to the process of photosynthesis and clearly defined the plant release oxygen
69.	Fritz Lipmann	1941		Discovered co-enzyme A	Co-enzyme A is a notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle
70.	George Beadle and Edward Tatum	1941		one-gene-one enzymes hypothesis	The one-gene - one enzymes hypothesis is the idea that genes act through real the production of biology enzymes, with each gene responsible for producing a single enzyme that in turn affects a single in a metabolic pathway